Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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President Herbert Hoover believed that the Great Depression could be ended by
doing all of the following except
a) | directly assisting businesses and banks. | b) | lending federal
funds to feed farm livestock. | c) | continuing to rely on the American tradition of
rugged individualism. | d) | providing direct aid to the
people. | e) | keeping faith in the efficiency of the industrial
system. |
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2.
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Both ratified in the 1930s, the Twentieth Amendment ____ and the Twenty-first
Amendment ____.
a) | shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended
prohibition | b) | expanded the size of the Supreme Court; ended prohibition | c) | limited a president
to two complete terms in office; repealed the Eighteenth Amendment | d) | ended prohibition;
shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration | e) | rendered most New
Deal programs unconstitutional; limited a president to two complete terms in
office |
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3.
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One of the major problems facing farmers in the 1920s was
a) | drought and insects like the boll weevil. | b) | the inability to
purchase modern farm equipment. | c) | the prosecution of cooperatives under antitrust
laws. | d) | overproduction. | e) | passage of the McNary-Haugen
Bill. |
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4.
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The phrase Hundred Days refers to the
a) | worst months of the Great Depression. | b) | "lame-duck" period between Franklin
Roosevelt's election and his inauguration. | c) | time it took for Congress to begin acting on
President Roosevelt's plans for combating the Great Depression. | d) | time that all banks
were closed by FDR. | e) | flood of legislation passed by Congress in the
first months of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. |
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5.
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During the 1930s, the Great Depression led to
a) | a decrease in labor union membership | d) | the strengthening of the family
unit and a higher birth rate | b) | the nationalization of major
industries | e) | a mass internal
migration of Americans looking for work | c) | a decline in highway
construction |
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6.
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The Glass-Steagall Act
a) | created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank
deposits. | b) | took the United States off the gold standard. | c) | empowered President
Roosevelt to close all banks temporarily. | d) | created the Securities and Exchange Commission
to regulate the stock exchange. | e) | permitted commercial banks to engage in Wall
Street financial dealings. |
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7.
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In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would
attack the Great Depression by
a) | returning to the traditional policies of laissez-faire
capitalism. | b) | experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social
reform. | c) | continuing the policies already undertaken by President Hoover. | d) | mobilizing
America's youth as in wartime. | e) | nationalizing all banks and major
industries. |
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8.
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In the 1930s, the movement led by Dr. Francis Townsed contributed to
congressional approval of a law
a) | implementing a federal program of old-age benefits | d) | insuring the bank deposits of
consumers | b) | providing larger federal susidies to farmers | e) | securing federal protection of labor union
organizers | c) | protecting ethnic minorities from discrimination |
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9.
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Policy initiatives during Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first two presidential
terms included all of the following EXCEPT
a) | restricting agricultural production | d) | nationalizing basic
industries | b) | restoring public confidence in the banking system | e) | deficit financing | c) | creating new jobs in
the public sector |
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10.
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Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained a large national following by promising
to
a) | provide the unemployed and elderly a $200-a-month social security
payment. | b) | nationalize all banks and public utility companies. | c) | help farmers and
workers organize to resist the power of corporations. | d) | make Jews pay for causing the Great
Depression. | e) | "share our wealth" by raising taxes on the rich and giving every family
$5,000. |
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11.
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The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) proposed to solve the farm problem
by
a) | reducing agricultural production. | b) | subsidizing American farm exports
overseas. | c) | helping farmers to pay their mortgages. | d) | creating farm
cooperatives. | e) | encouraging farmers to switch to industrial
employment. |
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12.
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After Franklin Roosevelt's failed attempt to pack the Supreme Court
a) | much New Deal legislation was ruled unconstitutional. | b) | Congress permanently
set the number of justices at nine. | c) | the Democrats lost the next election in
1940. | d) | Roosevelt was unable to make any changes in the Court. | e) | the Court began to
rule that New Deal programs were constitutional. |
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13.
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President Herbert Hoover approached the task of caring for unemployed workers
during the Great Depression by
a) | enlarging the federal government’s payroll | d) | relying on the services of federal
welfare agencies | b) | reactivating the dole | e) | emphasizing the importance of private charities | c) | asking large
corporations to hire war veterans |
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14.
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When Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency in March 1933
a) | he at first proceeded cautiously. | b) | he wanted to make as few mistakes as
possible. | c) | he received unprecedented congressional support. | d) | he knew exactly what
he wanted to do. | e) | Congress refused to grant him any legislative
authority. |
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15.
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Most Dust Bowl migrants headed to
a) | Nevada. | b) | Oregon. | c) | Arizona. | d) | Oklahoma. | e) | California. |
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16.
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President Roosevelt's Court-packing scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to
make the Supreme Court
a) | more sympathetic to New Deal programs. | b) | less burdened with appellate
cases. | c) | more independent of Congress. | d) | more respectful of the Constitution's
original intent. | e) | more conservative. |
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17.
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The fate of most of the Okies and other Dust Bowl migrants who headed west to
California was that they
a) | still struggled for food, shelter, and work in the San Joaquin
Valley. | b) | found steady work in the canning industry. | c) | became caught up in
radical labor movements. | d) | acquired farms in the San Joaquin
Valley. | e) | formed mutually supportive evangelical religious
communes. |
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18.
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All of the following concerns were addressed during the “Hundred
Days” of the New Deal EXCEPT
a) | unemployment relief | d) | agricultural adjustment | b) | court
restructuring | e) | homeowner
mortgage support | c) | banking regulation |
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19.
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The purpose of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to
a) | provide for the distribution of surplus meat and produce to the poor | d) | reapportion
electoral districts to give farmers greater representation in Congress | b) | ease the economic
difficulties of sharecroppers and tenant farmers | e) | expand agricultural production by subsidizing
farmers | c) | raise farm prices by limiting agricultural production |
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20.
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The Bonus Expeditionary Force marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 to
demand
a) | an expanded American army and navy. | b) | housing and health care assistance for
veterans. | c) | the removal of American troops from Nicaragua. | d) | immediate full
payment of bonus payments promised to World War I veterans. | e) | punishment for those
who had forced unemployed veterans to leave Washington, D.C. |
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21.
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Which of the following statements about the Tennessee Valley Authority is
correct?
a) | It built dams that made rural electrification possible. | d) | It provided land
for immigrants who wanted to become farmers. | b) | It was a state-sponsored agency established to
restore eroded soil. | e) | It
built interstate highways in the upper South. | c) | It was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme
Court. |
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22.
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As a result of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930
a) | American economic isolationism ended. | b) | duties on agricultural products
decreased. | c) | the worldwide depression deepened. | d) | American industry grew more
secure. | e) | campaign promises to labor were fulfilled. |
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23.
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Immediately after taking office, President Roosevelt responded to the banking
crisis by
a) | establishing a new Bank of the United States to guarantee
deposits. | b) | providing major federal loans to the largest and soundest banks. | c) | restoring the gold
standard to guarantee the soundness of American currency. | d) | reassuring Americans
that all their banking deposits were safe. | e) | closing all American banks for a week, while
reorganizing them on a sounder basis. |
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24.
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The most vigorous "champion of the dispossessed"¾that is, the poor and minorities¾in
Roosevelt administration circles was
a) | Henry A. Wallace. | b) | Eleanor Roosevelt. | c) | Alfred E.
Smith. | d) | Harold Ickes. | e) | Frances
Perkins. |
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25.
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The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all of the following
except
a) | unemployment insurance. | b) | support for the blind and physically
handicapped. | c) | health care for the poor. | d) | economic provisions for the blind and
disabled. | e) | old-age pensions. |
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26.
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America's major foreign-policy problem in the 1920s was addressed by the
Dawes Plan, which
a) | provided a solution to the tangle of war-debt and war-reparations
payments. | b) | condemned the Japanese aggression against Manchuria. | c) | established a ratio
of allowable naval strength between the United States, Britain, and Japan. | d) | ended the big-stick
policy of armed intervention in Central America and the Caribbean. | e) | aimed to prevent
German re-armament. |
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27.
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The Congress of Industrial Organizations was most interested in unionizing which
of the following?
a) | White-collar factory managers | d) | Women clerical
workers | b) | unskilled and semiskilled factory workers | e) | sailors on American merchant
ships | c) | Migrant farmworkers |
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28.
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All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s
except
a) | drought. | b) | soil erosion. | c) | dry-farming
techniques. | d) | the cultivation of marginal farmlands on the Great Plains. | e) | farmers'
failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment. |
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29.
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The most immediate emergency facing Franklin Roosevelt when he became president
in March 1933 was
a) | the growing power of demagogues such as Huey Long and Father
Coughlin. | b) | the near collapse of international trade. | c) | the collapse of
nearly the entire banking system. | d) | runaway inflation. | e) | riots by unemployed
workers and farmers unable to sell their goods. |
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30.
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The Wagner Act of 1935 proved to be a trailblazing law that
a) | guaranteed housing loans to workers. | b) | gave labor the right to bargain
collectively. | c) | authorized the Public Works Administration (PWA). | d) | established the
NRA. | e) | established the Social Security system. |
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31.
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President Hoover's public image was severely damaged by his
a) | agreement to provide a federal dole to the unemployed. | b) | refusal to do
anything to try to solve the Great Depression. | c) | decision to abandon the principle of rugged
individualism. | d) | construction of Hoovervilles for the homeless. | e) | use of harsh
military force to disperse the Bonus Army from Washington. |
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32.
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The major new agency established by the Hoover administration to address the
deepening depression was the
a) | Works Progress Administration (WPA). | b) | Securities Exchange Commission
(SEC). | c) | National Recovery Administration (NRA). | d) | Reconstruction
Finance Corporation (RFC). | e) | Civilian Conservation Corps
(CCC). |
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33.
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During the Great Depression, the federal government responded with force
when
a) | the communist-dominated National Mine Workers’ Union denounced the American
government and flag | d) | mobs of farmers tried to prevent foreclosures on farms and threatened to lynch judges
who allowed them | b) | audiences booed newsreels showing President Herbert Hoover | e) | the Bonus Expeditionary Force encamped in
Washington | c) | protesters displyed “Hoover flags,” empty pockets turned inside
out |
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34.
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In 1935, President Roosevelt set up the Resettlement Administration to
a) | place unemployed industrial workers in areas where their labor was
needed. | b) | help farmers who were victims of the Dust Bowl move to better
land. | c) | find jobs for farmers in industry. | d) | move Indians from land that could be farmed by
victims of the Dust Bowl. | e) | help farmers migrate from Oklahoma to
California. |
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35.
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The most controversial aspect of the Tennessee Valley Authority was its effort
to
a) | prevent soil erosion throughout the region. | b) | control floods in
the Tennessee and Cumblerland valleys. | c) | build housing for poor and middle-class
citizens in the region. | d) | resettle poor farmers on more productive
land. | e) | provide cheap electrical power in competition with private
industry. |
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36.
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One means by which President Hoover attempted to fight the Great Depression
was
a) | direct government aid to the needy | d) | the establishement of the
Reconstruction Finance Corporation | b) | the early payment of bonuses to
veterans | e) | a lowering of
barriers to free trade | c) | the establishment of the Tennessee Valley
Authority |
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Essay
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37.
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Was Franklin Roosevelt's victory in 1932 more an endorsement of his reform
agenda or a repudiation of Herbert Hoover and the Republican policies?
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